Outdoor & Yard / Compounds / Glyphosate

Glyphosate in the yard and garden

Moderate risk for your yard

Glyphosate poses moderate risk to adults under typical exposure conditions.

What is glyphosate?

Glyphosate is a herbicide, organophosphorus compound, amino acid derivative.

The IUPAC name is N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine.

Also known as: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, Roundup (trade name, formulated product), Rodeo (trade name, aquatic formulation), Aqua Star (trade name).

IUPAC name: N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine
CAS number: 1071-83-6
Molecular formula: C3H8NO5P
Molecular weight: 169.07 g/mol
SMILES: C(C(=O)O)NCP(=O)(O)O
PubChem CID: 3496

Risk for people, pets,

Moderate risk

Glyphosate poses moderate risk to adults under typical exposure conditions.

Regulatory consensus

18 regulatory and scientific bodies have classified Glyphosate. The classifications differ — that's the data.

Agency	Year	Classification	Notes
IARC	2015	Group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans)	Based on limited evidence in humans, sufficient evidence in experimental animals
US EPA	2020	Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans	Interim Registration Review Decision
EFSA	2015	Unlikely to pose carcinogenic hazard to humans	European Food Safety Authority peer review
EPA CTX / IRIS	—	D (Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity)
EPA CTX / IARC	—	Group 2A - Probably carcinogenic to humans
EPA CTX / EPA OPP	—	Group E Evidence of Non-carcinogenicity for Humans
EPA CTX / CalEPA	—	Known human carcinogen
EPA CTX / Genetox	—	Genotoxicity: negative (Ames: negative, 0 positive / 2 negative reports)
EPA CTX / Genetox	—	Genotoxicity: negative (Ames: negative, 0 positive / 2 negative reports)
EPA CTX / Skin-Eye	—	Eye Irritation: Eye Dam. 1 (score: very high)
EPA CTX / Skin-Eye	—	Eye Irritation: Category 1 (score: very high)
EPA CTX / Skin-Eye	—	Skin Irritation: Not classified (score: low)
EPA CTX / Skin-Eye	—	Skin Sensitization: Not classified (score: low)
EPA CTX / Skin-Eye	—	Eye Irritation: Category 6.4A (Category 2A) (score: high)
IARC	2015	Group_2A	Probably carcinogenic to humans. Monograph 112.
US_EPA	2020	not_likely_carcinogen	EPA: not likely to be carcinogenic to humans (disputed)
EU_REACH	2023	approved_renewed	EU renewed approval 10 years (2023-2033).
PROP_65	2017	carcinogen	California Prop 65 listed as known carcinogen

Regulators apply different standards of evidence — animal-data weighting, exposure-pattern assumptions, epidemiological power thresholds — which is why two scientific bodies can review the same data and reach different conclusions. The disagreement is the data.

Where your yard encounter glyphosate

Lawn And Garden Herbicide — Roundup branded products, Compare-N-Save Grass and Weed Killer, RM43
Most common consumer exposure route
Agricultural Herbicide — Various agricultural formulations
Largest use by volume globally
Aquatic Herbicide — Rodeo, Aqua Star, AquaPro
Formulated without POEA surfactant for approved aquatic use

Safer alternatives

Lower-risk approaches that achieve a similar outcome to Glyphosate:

Manual/mechanical removal — Effective for small areas per horticultural guidance
Trade-offs: Labor intensive. May not address root systems of perennial weeds.

Relative cost: 1.2-2×
Vinegar-based herbicides (acetic acid) — Contact burn only per horticultural literature. No systemic action.
Trade-offs: May require repeat applications. Higher concentrations can cause skin/eye burns.

Relative cost: 1.2-2×
Corn gluten meal — Pre-emergent only per university extension research.
Trade-offs: Timing dependent. Not effective on established weeds.

Relative cost: 1.2-2×
Flame weeding — Effective for hardscape areas per horticultural guidance.
Trade-offs: Fire risk. Not suitable for all environments. Does not kill roots.

Relative cost: 1.2-2×
Organic mulching
Relative cost: 2-5×
Mechanical weeding
Relative cost: 1.2-2×

Frequently asked questions

Is glyphosate safe for your yard?

Glyphosate poses moderate risk to adults under typical exposure conditions.

What products contain glyphosate?

Glyphosate appears in: Roundup branded products (lawn and garden herbicide); Compare-N-Save Grass and Weed Killer (lawn and garden herbicide); Various agricultural formulations (agricultural herbicide); Rodeo (aquatic herbicide); Aqua Star (aquatic herbicide).

Why do regulators disagree about glyphosate?

Glyphosate has been classified by 18 agencies including IARC, US EPA, EFSA, EPA CTX / IRIS, EPA CTX / IARC, with differing conclusions. Regulators apply different standards of evidence (animal data weighting, exposure-pattern assumptions, epidemiological power thresholds), which is why two scientific bodies can review the same data and reach different conclusions. See the regulatory consensus table on this page for the full picture.

See Glyphosate in the outdoor app

Look up products containing glyphosate, compare to alternatives, and explore the full data record.

Open in outdoor View raw API data

Sources (5)

Glyphosate Interim Registration Review Decision Case Number 0178 (2020) — epa
IARC Monographs Volume 112: Glyphosate (2015) — iarc
Glyphosate - PubChem Compound Summary — pubchem
ASPCA Animal Poison Control - Glyphosate — vet
EFSA Conclusion on Glyphosate Peer Review (2015) — echa

Reference data, not professional advice. Aggregates publicly available regulatory and scientific data; not a substitute for veterinary, medical, legal, or regulatory advice. Why we built ALETHEIA →